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Jikwaa mmegharị nke nanoparticles magnetik iron oxide maka nnyefe cytostatics ezubere iche
Odee Toropova Y, Korolev D, Istomina M, Shulmeyster G, Petukhov A, Mishanin V, Gorshkov A, Podyacheva E, Gareev K, Bagrov A, Demidov O
Yana Toropova,1 Dmitry Korolev,1 Maria Istomina,1,2 Galina Shulmeyster,1 Alexey Petukhov,1,3 Vladimir Mishanin,1 Andrey Gorshkov,4 Ekaterina Podyacheva,1 Kamil Gareev,2 Alexei Bagrov,5 Oleg Demidov6,71Almazov National Medical Research Center nke Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, 197341, Russian Federation; 2 St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI", St. Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation; 3 Center for Personalized Medicine, Almazov State Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, 197341, Russia Federation; 4FSBI "Influenza Research Institute" nke aha ya bụ AA Smorodintsev Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; 5 Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; 6 RAS Institute of Cytology, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation; 7INSERM U1231, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bourgogne-Franche Comté University of Dijon, France Nkwukọrịta: Yana ToropovaAlmazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, 197341, Russian Federation Tel +7 981 95264800 4997069 Email [email protected] Ndabere: Ụzọ dị mma isi dozie nsogbu nke nsí cytostatic bụ iji magnet nanoparticles (MNP) maka nnyefe ọgwụ ezubere iche. Ebumnuche: Iji mgbakọ na mwepụ chọpụta njirimara kacha mma nke magnet nke na-achịkwa MNPs na vivo, na inyocha arụmọrụ nke nnyefe magnetron nke MNPs na etuto òké na vitro na in vivo. (MNPs-ICG) ka ejiri. E mere ọmụmụ ihe gbasara in vivo luminescence intensity na òké tumor, yana na-enweghị magnet na ebe mmasị. E mere ọmụmụ ihe ndị a na ihe owuwu hydrodynamic nke Institute of Experimental Medicine nke Almazov State Medical Research Center nke Minista Ahụike Russia mepụtara. Nsonaazụ: Ojiji nke neodymium magnets kwalitere nchịkọta nhọrọ nke MNP. Otu nkeji mgbe e nyesịrị òké ndị nwere ọrịa kansa MNPs-ICG, MNPs-ICG na-agbakọtakarị n'ime imeju. N'enweghị ma ọ bụ ọnụnọ nke magnet, nke a na-egosi ụzọ metabolic ya. Ọ bụ ezie na a hụrụ mmụba na fluorescence na tumor ahụ n'ihu magnetik, ike fluorescence na imeju anụmanụ ahụ agbanweghị ka oge na-aga. Mmechi: Ụdị MNP a, yana ike magnetik agbakọrọ agbakọ, nwere ike ịbụ ntọala maka mmepe nke nnyefe ọgwụ cytostatic na-achịkwa magnetik na anụ ahụ tumor. Okwu ndị dị mkpa: nyocha fluorescence, indocyanine, nanoparticles iron oxide, nnyefe magnetron nke cytostatics, ebumnuche tumor
Ọrịa kansa bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi na-akpata ọnwụ n'ụwa niile. N'otu oge ahụ, ọrịa na-arị elu na ọnwụ nke ọrịa kansa ka dị. 1 Ọgwụ chemotherapy eji taa ka bụ otu n'ime ọgwụgwọ bụ isi maka ọrịa kansa dị iche iche. N'otu oge ahụ, mmepe nke ụzọ iji belata nsí sistemụ nke cytostatics ka dị mkpa. Ụzọ dị mma iji dozie nsogbu nsí ya bụ iji ndị na-ebu nano-scale lekwasị anya na ụzọ nnyefe ọgwụ, nke nwere ike inye mkpokọta ọgwụ n'ime anụ ahụ kansa na-enweghị ịbawanye mkpokọta ha na akụkụ ahụ na anụ ahụ dị mma. 2 Usoro a na-eme ka o kwe omume imeziwanye arụmọrụ na ebumnuche nke ọgwụ kemoterapeutic na anụ ahụ kansa, ebe ọ na-ebelata nsí sistemụ ha.
N'ime ọtụtụ ihe ndị dị na nanoparticles a na-atụle maka nnyefe nke ihe ndị na-eme ka cytostatic pụta ìhè, nanoparticles magnetik (MNPs) nwere mmasị pụrụ iche n'ihi ihe pụrụ iche ha nwere na kemịkalụ, ihe ndị dị ndụ, na magnetik, nke na-eme ka ha dị iche iche. Ya mere, enwere ike iji nanoparticles magnetik dị ka sistemụ kpo oku iji gwọọ etuto ahụ nwere hyperthermia (magnetic hyperthermia). Enwere ike iji ha dị ka ihe nchọpụta (nchọpụta resonance magnetik). 3-5 Site na iji njirimara ndị a, yana ohere nke mkpokọta MNP n'otu mpaghara, site na iji ubi magnetik mpụga, nnyefe nke nkwadebe ọgwụ ezubere iche na-emepe imepụta sistemụ magnetron multifunctional iji lekwasị anya na cytostatics na saịtị tumor Prospects. Sistemụ dị otú ahụ ga-agụnye MNP na ubi magnetik iji chịkwaa mmegharị ha n'ahụ. N'okwu a, ma ubi magnetik mpụga na ihe ndị e tinyere na mpaghara ahụ nwere etuto ahụ nwere nwere etuto ahụ dị ka isi iyi nke ubi magnetik. 6 Usoro mbụ nwere nnukwu adịghị ike, gụnyere mkpa ọ dị iji ngwa pụrụ iche maka itinye ọgwụ magnetik na mkpa ọ dị ịzụ ndị ọrụ ka ha rụọ ọrụ ịwa ahụ. Tinyere nke ahụ, usoro a nwere oke ọnụ ahịa ma ọ dabara naanị maka etuto "dị n'elu" dị nso n'elu ahụ. Ụzọ ọzọ nke iji ihe ndọta magnet na-eme ka ojiji nke teknụzụ a dịkwuo mfe, na-eme ka ojiji ya dị mfe na etuto dị n'akụkụ ahụ dị iche iche. Enwere ike iji magnet nke ọ bụla na magnet nke etinyere n'ime stent intraluminal dị ka ihe e tinyere maka mmebi etuto ahụ na akụkụ ahụ oghere iji hụ na ha nwere ikike. Agbanyeghị, dịka nyocha anyị na-ebipụtabeghị si dị, ndị a ezughị oke magnet iji hụ na MNP na-ejide ọbara.
Ịdị irè nke nnyefe ọgwụ magnetron dabere na ọtụtụ ihe: njirimara nke onye na-ebu magnet n'onwe ya, na njirimara nke isi iyi magnet (gụnyere paramita geometric nke magnet na-adịgide adịgide na ike nke ubi magnet ha na-emepụta). Mmepe nke teknụzụ nnyefe sel na-eduzi magnet kwesịrị ịgụnye mmepe nke ndị na-ebu ọgwụ magnet nanoscale kwesịrị ekwesị, ịtụle nchekwa ha, na ịmepụta usoro nlele nke na-enye ohere ịchọpụta mmegharị ha n'ahụ.
N'ọmụmụ ihe a, anyị ji mgbakọ na mwepụ gbakọọ njirimara magnetik kacha mma iji chịkwaa ihe na-ebu ọgwụ magnetik nano dị n'ahụ. A mụkwara ohere nke idobe MNP site na mgbidi arịa ọbara n'okpuru mmetụta nke ubi magnetik etinyere na njirimara kọmputa ndị a na arịa ọbara oke ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ. Na mgbakwunye, anyị mepụtara njikọta nke MNPs na ihe ndị na-enye fluorescent ma mepụta usoro maka ịhụ ha na vivo. N'okpuru ọnọdụ in vivo, na òké ụdị tumor, a mụrụ arụmọrụ mkpokọta nke MNPs na anụ ahụ tumor mgbe ejiri ya n'usoro n'okpuru mmetụta nke ubi magnet.
N'ọmụmụ ihe gbasara in vitro, anyị jiri MNP ntụaka, na n'ọmụmụ ihe gbasara in vivo, anyị jiri MNP nke e ji lactic acid polyester (polylactic acid, PLA) kpuchie nke nwere ihe na-eme ka fluorescent dị (indolecyanine; ICG). A na-etinye MNP-ICG n'ime ya.
A kọwapụtala nkọwa zuru ezu gbasara njikọta na ihe ndị metụtara anụ ahụ na kemịkalụ nke MNP n'ebe ọzọ. 7,8
Iji mepụta MNPs-ICG, e bu ụzọ mepụta PLA-ICG conjugates. E jiri ngwakọta ntụ ntụ nke PLA-D na PLA-L nke nwere ibu molekul nke 60 kDa mee ihe.
Ebe ọ bụ na PLA na ICG bụ asịd abụọ, iji mepụta njikọ PLA-ICG, ọ dị mkpa ka e mepụta spacer amino-terminated na PLA, nke na-enyere ICG chemisorb aka na spacer. E ji ethylene diamine (EDA), usoro carbodiimide na carbodiimide mmiri na-agbaze, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDAC) mepụta spacer ahụ. A na-emepụta spacer PLA-EDA dị ka ndị a. Tinye ngafe molar okpukpu iri abụọ nke EDA na ngafe molar okpukpu iri abụọ nke EDAC na 2 mL nke 0.1 g/mL PLA chloroform solution. Emere njikọ ahụ na tube ule polypropylene 15 mL na shaker na ọsọ nke 300 min-1 maka awa abụọ. E gosiri atụmatụ njikọta ahụ na Foto 1. Megharịa njikọta ahụ na ngafe reagents okpukpu 200 iji mee ka atụmatụ njikọta ahụ ka mma.
Mgbe e mechara njikọta ahụ, e tinyere centrifuge mmiri ọgwụ ahụ n'ọsọ nke 3000 min-1 maka nkeji ise iji wepụ ihe ndị polyethylene gbapụtara n'ime mmiri. Mgbe ahụ, etinyere 2 mL nke 0.5 mg/mL ICG mmiri ọgwụ na dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) na mmiri ọgwụ 2 mL. A na-edozi ihe mkpali ahụ na ọsọ mkpali nke 300 min-1 maka awa abụọ. E gosiri eserese eserese nke conjugate enwetara na Foto nke 2.
Na 200 mg MNP, anyị tinyere 4 mL PLA-EDA-ICG conjugate. Jiri LS-220 shaker (LOIP, Russia) kpalite nkwụsịtụ ahụ ruo nkeji iri atọ na ugboro ole nke 300 min-1. Mgbe ahụ, e jiri isopropanol saa ya ugboro atọ ma kewapụ ya na magnet. Jiri UZD-2 Ultrasonic Disperser (FSUE NII TVCH, Russia) tinye IPA na nkwụsịtụ ahụ maka nkeji ise-10 n'okpuru ọrụ ultrasonic na-aga n'ihu. Mgbe ịsachara IPA nke atọ gasịrị, e ji mmiri a gwakọtara agwakọta saa ihe mkpuchi ahụ ma tinyeghachi ya na nnu physiological na mkpokọta nke 2 mg/mL.
E jiri ngwa ZetaSizer Ultra (Malvern Instruments, UK) mụọ gbasara nha nke MNP enwetara n'ime mmiri mmiri. E jiri igwe microscope nnyefe (TEM) nwere katode ikuku JEM-1400 STEM (JEOL, Japan) mụọ ụdị na nha nke MNP.
N'ọmụmụ ihe a, anyị na-eji magnet ndị na-adịgide adịgide (ọkwa N35; yana mkpuchi nchebe nickel) na nha ọkọlọtọ ndị a (ogologo axis × dayameta silinda): 0.5×2 mm, 2×2 mm, 3×2 mm na 5×2 mm.
E mere nnyocha in vitro nke njem MNP na sistemụ nlereanya ahụ na ihe owuwu hydrodynamic nke Institute of Experimental Medicine nke Almazov State Medical Research Center nke Minista Ahụike Russia mepụtara. Olu nke mmiri na-agagharị (mmiri a gwakọtara agwakọta ma ọ bụ ngwọta Krebs-Henseleit) bụ 225 mL. A na-eji magnet cylindrical magnetized dị ka magnet na-adịgide adịgide. Debe magnet ahụ na ihe njide 1.5 mm site na mgbidi dị n'ime nke tube iko etiti, na njedebe ya na-eche ihu na tube ahụ (kwụ ọtọ). Ọnụego mmiri na-agagharị na loop mechiri emechi bụ 60 L/h (dakọtara na ọsọ linear nke 0.225 m/s). A na-eji ngwọta Krebs-Henseleit dị ka mmiri na-agagharị n'ihi na ọ bụ analog nke plasma. Ọnụego viscosity nke plasma bụ 1.1–1.3 mPa∙s. 9 A na-ekpebi ọnụọgụ MNP a na-etinye na ubi magnet site na spectrophotometry site na ntinye nke ígwè na mmiri na-agagharị mgbe nnwale ahụ gasịrị.
Tinyere nke ahụ, e meela nnyocha nnwale na tebụl usoro mmiri mmiri ka mma iji chọpụta ikike nke arịa ọbara. E gosiri ihe ndị bụ isi nke nkwado hydrodynamic na Foto nke 3. Ihe ndị bụ isi nke stent hydrodynamic bụ loop mechiri emechi nke na-eme ka akụkụ obe nke sistemụ vaskụla nlereanya na tankị nchekwa dị. A na-enye mmegharị nke mmiri ihe nlereanya n'akụkụ nhazi nke modulu arịa ọbara site na mgbapụta peristaltic. N'oge nnwale ahụ, debe vaporization na oke okpomọkụ achọrọ, ma lelee paramita sistemụ (okpomọkụ, nrụgide, ọnụego mmiri mmiri, na uru pH).
Foto nke 3. Ihe osise blọk nke ntọala ejiri mụọ ikike nke mgbidi akwara carotid. 1-tank nchekwa, ọkpọkọ peristaltic 2, usoro 3-iji tinye nkwusioru nwere MNP n'ime loop, mita mmiri 4, ihe mmetụta nrụgide 5 na loop, ihe mgbanwe okpomọkụ 6, ụlọ 7 nwere akpa, 8-isi iyi nke ubi magnet, 9- balloon nwere hydrocarbons.
Ụlọ ahụ nwere akpa ahụ nwere akpa atọ: akpa dị ukwuu dị n'èzí na obere akpa abụọ, nke ogwe aka nke sekit etiti na-agafe. A na-etinye cannula ahụ n'ime obere akpa ahụ, a na-etinye eriri n'ime akpa ahụ, a na-ejikwa waya dị gịrịgịrị kechie nsọtụ cannula ahụ nke ọma. A na-ejupụta oghere dị n'etiti akpa ahụ buru ibu na obere akpa ahụ na mmiri a gwakọtara agwakọta, okpomọkụ ahụ na-adịkwa otu ebe n'ihi njikọ ya na ihe na-agbanwe okpomọkụ. A na-ejupụta oghere dị n'ime akpa ahụ obere na ngwọta Krebs-Henseleit iji nọgide na-enwe ike ibi ndụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara. A na-ejupụtakwa tankị ahụ na ngwọta Krebs-Henseleit. A na-eji usoro ọkọnọ gas (carbon) eme ka ngwọta dị n'ime akpa ahụ dị n'ime tankị nchekwa na ụlọ ahụ nwere akpa ahụ (Foto 4).
Foto nke 4 Ụlọ ebe a na-etinye akpa ahụ. 1-Cannula maka ibelata arịa ọbara, 2-Ụlọ mpụta, 3- Ụlọ obere. Akụ ahụ na-egosi ebe mmiri nlereanya ahụ si aga.
Iji chọpụta ihe dị mkpa gbasara permeability nke mgbidi arịa ọbara, e jiri akwara carotid nke oke.
Ntinye nke nkwusioru MNP (0.5mL) n'ime sistemụ ahụ nwere njirimara ndị a: mkpokọta olu dị n'ime tank ahụ na paịpụ njikọ na loop bụ 20mL, olu dị n'ime nke ụlọ ọ bụla bụ 120mL. Isi iyi ebe ndọta mpụga bụ magnet na-adịgide adịgide nke nha ọkọlọtọ nke 2×3 mm. A na-etinye ya n'elu otu n'ime obere ụlọ, 1 cm site na akpa ahụ, otu nsọtụ na-eche mgbidi akpa ahụ ihu. A na-edebe okpomọkụ na 37°C. A na-edozi ike nke ọkpọkọ roller na 50%, nke kwekọrọ na ọsọ nke 17 cm/s. Dịka njikwa, e were ihe nlele na sel na-enweghị magnet na-adịgide adịgide.
Otu awa ka e nyechara MNP otu njupụta, e si n'ime ụlọ ahụ wepụta ihe nlele mmiri mmiri. E jiri spectrophotometer tụọ njupụta nke ihe ndị ahụ site na iji Unico 2802S UV-Vis spectrophotometer (United Products & Instruments, USA). N'iburu n'uche njupụta nke nkwụsịtụ MNP, e mere nha ahụ na 450 nm.
Dịka ntuziaka Rus-LASA-FELASA si dị, a na-azụ ma na-azụ anụmanụ niile n'ebe pụrụ iche na-enweghị nje. Ọmụmụ ihe a na-agbaso iwu omume niile dị mkpa maka nnwale na nyocha anụmanụ, ma nweta nkwado omume site na Almazov National Medical Research Center (IACUC). Anụmanụ ndị ahụ na-aṅụ mmiri ad libitum ma na-enye ha nri mgbe niile.
E mere nnyocha a na òké NSG iri dị izu iri na abụọ nke e ji ọgwụ anesthet mee (NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/Szj, Jackson Laboratory, USA) 10, nke dị 22 g ± 10%. Ebe ọ bụ na a na-egbochi mgbochi nke òké ndị na-adịghị ike megide ahụ ike, òké ndị na-adịghị ike megide ahụ ike nke usoro a na-ekwe ka a na-atụgharị mkpụrụ ndụ na anụ ahụ mmadụ n'enweghị ịjụ mgbanwe. E kenyere ndị na-ebi n'ụlọ dị iche iche na otu nnwale ahụ n'enweghị usoro, a na-azụkwa ha ma ọ bụ na-ekpughe ha n'usoro n'ime akwa nke otu ndị ọzọ iji hụ na ha nwere otu microbiota nkịtị.
A na-eji usoro mkpụrụ ndụ kansa mmadụ nke HeLa emepụta ụdị xenograft. E tinyere mkpụrụ ndụ ndị a na DMEM nwere glutamine (PanEco, Russia), tinyere 10% serum ehi nwa ebu n'afọ (Hyclone, USA), 100 CFU/mL penicillin, na 100 μg/mL streptomycin. E jiri obiọma nye usoro mkpụrụ ndụ ahụ site na Gene Expression Regulation Laboratory nke Institute of Cell Research nke Russian Academy of Sciences. Tupu a gbaa ya ọgwụ, e wepụrụ mkpụrụ ndụ HeLa na plastik omenala site na iji trypsin:Versene solution 1:1 (Biolot, Russia). Mgbe a sachara ya, a kwụgidere mkpụrụ ndụ ndị ahụ n'ime ọkara zuru oke ruo na mkpokọta nke mkpụrụ ndụ 5×106 kwa 200 μL, ma gwakọta ya na matrix membrane basement (LDEV-FREE, MATRIGEL® CORNING®) (1:1, na ice). A gbara mkpụrụ ndụ ndị a kwadebere n'okpuru akpụkpọ ahụ nke apata ụkwụ òké. Jiri calipers eletrọnịkị iji nyochaa uto etuto ahụ kwa ụbọchị atọ.
Mgbe etuto ahụ ruru 500 mm3, etinyere magnet na-adịgide adịgide n'ime anụ ahụ nke anụmanụ nnwale dị nso na etuto ahụ. N'ime otu nnwale (MNPs-ICG + tumor-M), a gbara 0.1 mL nke nkwusioru MNP ma gosipụta ya na ubi magnet. E jiri anụmanụ niile a na-agwọghị mee ihe dị ka njikwa (ndabere). Na mgbakwunye, e jiri anụmanụ ndị a gbara 0.1 mL nke MNP mana e tinyeghị magnet (MNPs-ICG + tumor-BM) mee ihe.
E mere ihe ngosi fluorescence nke ihe nlele in vivo na in vitro na IVIS Lumina LT usoro III bioimager (PerkinElmer Inc., USA). Maka ihe ngosi in vitro, etinyere olu nke 1 mL nke PLA-EDA-ICG na MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG conjugate na olulu efere ahụ. N'iburu n'uche njirimara fluorescence nke agba ICG, a na-ahọrọ nzacha kacha mma eji achọpụta ike ọkụ nke ihe nlele ahụ: ogologo ebili mmiri mkpali kachasị bụ 745 nm, ogologo ebili mmiri mwepụta bụkwa 815 nm. Ejiri ngwanrọ Living Image 4.5.5 (PerkinElmer Inc.) tụọ ike fluorescence nke olulu mmiri nwere conjugate n'ọnụ ọgụgụ.
A tụrụ oke ọkụ na mkpokọta nke MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG conjugate n'ime in vivo, na-enweghị ọnụnọ na itinye ubi magnet n'ebe mmasị ya. E jiri isoflurane mee ka òké ndị ahụ nwee ahụ ọkụ, wee gbanye 0.1 mL nke MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG conjugate site na akwara ọdụ. E jiri òké ndị a na-agwọghị mee ihe dị ka njikwa na-adịghị mma iji nweta ndabere fluorescent. Mgbe ejiri conjugate mee ihe n'ime akwara, tinye anụmanụ ahụ n'elu ikpo ọkụ (37°C) n'ime ụlọ nke IVIS Lumina LT usoro III fluorescence imager (PerkinElmer Inc.) ma na-ejigide iku ume na 2% isoflurane anesthetization. Jiri ihe nzacha arụnyere n'ime ICG (745–815 nm) maka nchọpụta mgbaàmà nkeji 1 na nkeji 15 mgbe ewebatara MNP.
Iji chọpụta mkpokọta conjugate n'ime etuto ahụ, e ji akwụkwọ kpuchie mpaghara peritoneal nke anụmanụ ahụ, nke mere ka o kwe omume iwepụ fluorescence na-egbuke egbuke nke metụtara mkpokọta ihe dị n'ime imeju. Mgbe ha mụsịrị nkesa biodistribution nke MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG, e gburu anụmanụ ndị ahụ site na oke ọgwụ mgbochi isoflurane iji kewaa mpaghara etuto ahụ na nyocha ọnụọgụ nke radieshon fluorescence. Jiri ngwanrọ Living Image 4.5.5 (PerkinElmer Inc.) hazie nyocha mgbaàmà site na mpaghara ahọpụtara. E mere nha atọ maka anụmanụ ọ bụla (n = 9).
N'ọmụmụ ihe a, anyị akọwaghị etu ICG si aga nke ọma na MNPs-ICG. Na mgbakwunye, anyị atụleghị arụmọrụ nchekwa nke nanoparticles n'okpuru mmetụta nke magnet na-adịgide adịgide nke ụdị dị iche iche. Na mgbakwunye, anyị enyochaghị mmetụta ogologo oge nke ubi magnet na njigide nke nanoparticles na anụ ahụ tumor.
Nanoparticles karịrị akarị, nke nha ya bụ 195.4 nm. Na mgbakwunye, nkwusioru ahụ nwere agglomerates nwere nha nkezi nke 1176.0 nm (Foto 5A). Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, e jiri nzacha centrifugal sachaa akụkụ ahụ. Ike zeta nke ihe ndị ahụ bụ -15.69 mV (Foto 5B).
Foto nke 5 Njirimara anụ ahụ nke nkwusioru ahụ: (A) nkesa nha nke ihe; (B) nkesa nke ihe na-eme na ikike zeta; (C) Foto TEM nke ihe na-eme nanoparticles.
Nha ihe dị n'ime ya bụ 200 nm (Foto 5C), nke mejupụtara otu MNP nke nha ya bụ 20 nm, na PLA-EDA-ICG nke nwere obere njupụta elektrọn. Enwere ike ịkọwa nhazi nke agglomerates na mmiri mmiri site na obere modulus nke ike electromotive nke nanoparticles nke ọ bụla.
Maka magnet na-adịgide adịgide, mgbe magnetization ahụ dị na olu V, a na-ekewa ngosipụta integral ahụ n'ime ihe abụọ dị mkpa, ya bụ olu na elu:
Ọ bụrụ na ihe nlele nwere magnetization na-agbanwe agbanwe, njupụta ugbu a bụ efu. Mgbe ahụ, ngosipụta nke vektọ induction magnet ga-ewere ụdị a:
Jiri mmemme MATLAB (MathWorks, Inc., USA) maka mgbakọ ọnụọgụgụ, nọmba ikike agụmakwụkwọ ETU "LETI" 40502181.
Dịka egosiri na Foto 7 Foto 8 Foto 9 Foto-10, a na-emepụta ebe ndọta siri ike site na magnet nke gbadoro ụkwụ n'akụkụ axial site na njedebe nke silinda. radius nke ọrụ dị irè hà nhata na geometry nke magnet. Na magnet cylindrical nwere silinda nke ogologo ya karịrị dayameta ya, a na-ahụ ebe ndọta siri ike kachasị na ntụziaka axial-radial (maka akụkụ kwekọrọ); ya mere, otu silinda nwere oke akụkụ buru ibu (dayameta na ogologo) MNP adsorption bụ nke kachasị arụ ọrụ.
Foto nke 7 Akụkụ nke ike ndọta Bz n'akụkụ axis Oz nke ndọta ahụ; nha ọkọlọtọ nke ndọta ahụ: ahịrị ojii 0.5×2mm, ahịrị anụnụ anụnụ 2×2mm, ahịrị akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ 3×2mm, ahịrị uhie 5×2mm.
Foto nke 8 Ihe mejupụtara njikọ magnetik Br dị n'akụkụ aka magnet Oz; nha ọkọlọtọ nke magnet: ahịrị ojii 0.5×2mm, ahịrị anụnụ anụnụ 2×2mm, ahịrị akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ 3×2mm, ahịrị uhie 5×2mm.
Foto nke 9 Akụkụ Bz nke ike ndọta n'ime ihe dị n'ebe dị anya site na axis njedebe nke magnet (z=0); nha ọkọlọtọ nke magnet: ahịrị ojii 0.5×2mm, ahịrị anụnụ anụnụ 2×2mm, ahịrị akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ 3×2mm, ahịrị uhie 5×2mm.
Foto nke 10 Ihe mejupụtara ihe ndọta magnetik n'akụkụ radial; nha magnet ọkọlọtọ: ahịrị ojii 0.5×2mm, ahịrị anụnụ anụnụ 2×2mm, ahịrị akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ 3×2mm, ahịrị uhie 5×2mm.
Enwere ike iji ụdị hydrodynamic pụrụ iche mụọ ụzọ MNP si ebuga na anụ ahụ etuto ahụ, tinye nanoparticles n'ebe a na-achọ ya, ma chọpụta omume nke nanoparticles n'okpuru ọnọdụ hydrodynamic na sistemụ mgbasa ọbara. Enwere ike iji magnet na-adịgide adịgide dị ka ubi magnet mpụga. Ọ bụrụ na anyị eleghara mmekọrịta magnetostatic dị n'etiti nanoparticles anya ma ghara ịtụle ụdị mmiri magnet, o zuru ezu ịtụle mmekọrịta dị n'etiti magnet na otu nanoparticle nwere ihe dị ka dipole-dipole.
Ebe m bụ oge ndọta nke magnet, r bụ radius vektọ nke ebe nanoparticle dị, na k bụ ihe sistemụ. Na ihe dị ka dipole, ubi nke magnet nwere nhazi yiri nke ahụ (Foto 11).
N'ime otu ebe magnetik dị, ihe ndị nanoparticles na-agbagharị naanị n'ahịrị ike. N'ime ebe magnetik na-abụghị otu, ike na-arụ ọrụ na ya:
Ebee ka ihe e si nweta ntụziaka enyere bụ l. Na mgbakwunye, ike ahụ na-adọkpụ nanoparticles n'ime mpaghara ndị na-adịghị mma nke ubi ahụ, ya bụ, mgbagọ na njupụta nke ahịrị ike na-abawanye.
Ya mere, ọ dị mma iji magnet siri ike (ma ọ bụ magnet yinye) nke nwere anisotropy axial doro anya n'ógbè ebe ihe ndị ahụ dị.
Tebụl 1 na-egosi ikike nke otu magnet dị ka isi iyi ubi magnet zuru oke iji jide ma jigide MNP n'ime akwa akwara nke ubi ngwa.