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Jikwaa mmegharị nke magnetik iron oxide nanoparticles maka nnyefe ezubere iche nke cytostatics
Odee Toropova Y, Korolev D, Istomina M, Shulmeyster G, Petukhov A, Mishanin V, Gorshkov A, Podyacheva E, Gareev K, Bagrov A, Demidov O
Yana Toropova, 1 Dmitry Korolev, 1 Maria Istomina, 1,2 Galina Shulmeyster, 1 Alexey Petukhov, 1,3 Vladimir Mishanin, 1 Andrey Gorshkov, 4 Ekaterina Podyacheva, 1 Kamil Gareev, 2 Alexei Bagrov, 5 Oleg Demidov6,71 Almazov National Medical Medical Ụlọ ọrụ nyocha nke Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, 197341, Russian Federation;2 St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI", St. Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation;3 Center maka ọgwụ onwe onye, ​​Almazov State Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, 197341, Russia Federation;4FSBI "Influenza Research Institute nke aha ya bụ AA Smorodintsev" Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation;5 Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation;6 RAS Institute of Cytology, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation;7INSERM U1231, ngalaba nke ọgwụ na ụlọ ahịa ọgwụ, Bourgogne-Franche Comté University of Dijon, France Communication: Yana ToropovaAlmazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, 197341, Russian Federation Tel +7 981 952648006 [email protected] ndabere: Ụzọ na-ekwe nkwa na nsogbu nke cytostatic toxicity bụ iji magnetik nanoparticles (MNP) maka nnyefe ọgwụ ezubere iche.Nzube: Iji ngụkọ iji chọpụta njirimara kacha mma nke oghere ndọta na-achịkwa MNP na vivo, yana nyochaa arụmọrụ magnetron nnyefe nke MNP na etuto òké in vitro na in vivo.(MNPs-ICG) na-eji.Na vivo luminescence ike ọmụmụ e mere na akpụ ụmụ oke, na-enweghị a magnetik na saịtị nke mmasị.Emere ọmụmụ ihe ndị a na scaffold hydrodynamic nke Institute of Experimental Medicine nke Almazov State Medical Research Center nke Ministry of Health Russia mepụtara.Nsonaazụ: Iji ihe ndọta neodymium kwalitere mkpokọta nhọrọ nke MNP.Otu nkeji ka ejirichara MNPs-ICG nye ụmụ oke na-ebu akpụ, MNPs-ICG na-agbakọbakarị n'ime imeju.Na enweghị na ọnụnọ nke oghere magnetik, nke a na-egosi ụzọ metabolic ya.Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ahụ mmụba nke fluorescence na tumor na ọnụnọ nke oghere magnetik, ọkụ ọkụ na-egbuke egbuke na imeju nke anụ ahụ agbanweghị ka oge na-aga.Mkpebi: Ụdị MNP a, jikọtara ya na ike ndọta gbakọọ, nwere ike ịbụ ihe ndabere maka mmepe nke nnyefe ọgwụ cytostatic na-achịkwa magnetik na anụ ahụ tumor.Keywords: fluorescence analysis, indocyanine, iron oxide nanoparticles, magnetron nnyefe nke cytostatics, tumor ezubere iche
Ọrịa tumor bụ otu n'ime ihe na-ebute ọnwụ n'ụwa niile.N'otu oge ahụ, mgbanwe nke ọrịa na-arịwanye elu na-anwụ anwụ nke ọrịa tumor ka dị.1 Usoro ọgwụgwọ chemotherapy nke a na-eji taa bụ otu n'ime ọgwụgwọ bụ isi maka etuto dị iche iche.N'otu oge ahụ, mmepe nke ụzọ iji belata nsí sistemu nke cytostatics ka dị mkpa.Ụzọ na-ekwe nkwa iji dozie nsogbu nsị ya bụ iji ndị na-ebu nano na-ebuga ụzọ nnyefe ọgwụ, nke nwere ike inye nchịkọta ọgwụ n'ógbè ahụ n'ime anụ ahụ tumo na-enweghị ịbawanye ụba nke akụkụ ahụ na anụ ahụ dị mma.itinye uche.2 Usoro a na-eme ka o kwe omume ịkwalite arụmọrụ na ịchụso ọgwụ chemotherapeutic na anụ ahụ tumor, ebe ọ na-ebelata nsị nke usoro ha.
N'ime nanoparticles dị iche iche a tụlere maka nnyefe ezubere iche nke ndị na-ahụ maka cytostatic, magnetik nanoparticles (MNPs) nwere mmasị pụrụ iche n'ihi kemịkalụ, ndu na ihe ndọta pụrụ iche, nke na-eme ka ha dị iche iche.Ya mere, enwere ike iji nanoparticles magnetik mee ihe dị ka usoro kpo oku iji gwọọ etuto nwere hyperthermia (magnetic hyperthermia).Enwere ike iji ha dị ka ihe na-achọpụta ọrịa (nchọpụta resonance magnetik).3-5 N'iji njirimara ndị a, jikọtara ya na ohere nke mkpokọta MNP na mpaghara a kapịrị ọnụ, site na iji oghere ndọta, nnyefe nke nkwadebe ọgwụ ezubere iche na-emepe ịmepụta usoro magnetron multifunctional iji lekwasị cytostatics na saịtị tumor. Atụmanya.Usoro dị otú ahụ ga-agụnye MNP na oghere magnetik iji chịkwaa mmegharị ha n'ime ahụ.N'okwu a, enwere ike iji ma oghere ndọta dị n'èzí na ihe ndọta a na-etinye n'ime ahụ nke nwere etuto ahụ dị ka isi iyi nke oghere magnetik.6 Usoro nke mbụ nwere nnukwu adịghị ike, gụnyere mkpa ọ dị iji akụrụngwa pụrụ iche maka mgbanaka magnetik nke ọgwụ na mkpa ịzụ ndị ọrụ ka ha rụọ ọrụ ịwa ahụ.Tụkwasị na nke a, usoro a na-ejedebe site na ọnụ ahịa dị elu ma dị mma maka etuto "elu" dị nso n'elu ahụ.Ụzọ ọzọ nke iji magnetik implants na-agbasawanye ngwa ngwa nke nkà na ụzụ a, na-eme ka ojiji ya na etuto ahụ dị n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke ahụ.Enwere ike iji ma ndọta n'otu n'otu na magnetik etinye n'ime stent intraluminal dị ka ntinye maka mmebi akpụ n'ime akụkụ oghere iji hụ na ha nwere ike.Agbanyeghị, dịka nyocha nke onwe anyị ebipụtabeghị, ndị a ezughị oke magnetik iji hụ na njide MNP si n'ọbara.
Ịdị irè nke nnyefe ọgwụ magnetron na-adabere n'ọtụtụ ihe: njirimara nke onye na-ebu magnetik n'onwe ya, na njirimara nke isi iyi magnet (gụnyere akara geometric nke magnet na-adịgide adịgide na ike nke magnetik ha na-emepụta).Mmepe nke teknụzụ nnyefe cell inhibitor na-eduzi nke ọma kwesịrị ịgụnye mmepe nke ndị na-ebu ọgwụ magnetik nanoscale kwesịrị ekwesị, na-enyocha nchekwa ha, na ịmepụta ụkpụrụ nhụta anya nke na-enye ohere nsuso mmegharị ha n'ime ahụ.
N'ime ọmụmụ ihe a, anyị na-agbakọ na mgbakọ na mwepụ kacha mma njirimara oghere ndọta iji chịkwaa ihe na-ebu ọgwụ magnetik nano n'ime ahụ.Amụkwara ohere nke idowe MNP site na mgbidi arịa ọbara n'okpuru mmetụta nke oghere magnetik etinyere na njirimara mgbako ndị a n'ime arịa ọbara oke dịpụrụ adịpụ.Na mgbakwunye, anyị ahazikọtara conjugates nke MNPs na fluorescent agents wee mepụta ụkpụrụ maka nleba anya ha na vivo.N'okpuru ọnọdụ vivo, n'ime ụmụ oke ụdị etuto ahụ, a na-amụ nrụpụta arụmọrụ nke MNP n'anụ ahụ mgbe a na-elekọta ya n'usoro n'okpuru mmetụta magnetik.
N'ime ọmụmụ ihe in vitro, anyị na-eji MNP ntụaka, na ọmụmụ in vivo, anyị na-eji MNP kpuchie ya na lactic acid polyester (polylactic acid, PLA) nwere ihe na-emepụta fluorescent (indolecyanine; ICG).MNP-ICG gụnyere n'ime ikpe ahụ, jiri (MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG).
A kọwawo njikọ na ihe anụ ahụ na kemịkal nke MNP n'ụzọ zuru ezu n'ebe ndị ọzọ.7,8
Iji mepụta MNP-ICG, e bu ụzọ mepụta conjugates PLA-ICG.A na-eji ngwakọta ịgba ọsọ ntụ ntụ nke PLA-D na PLA-L nwere ịdị arọ molekụla nke 60 kDa.
Ebe ọ bụ na PLA na ICG bụ acid abụọ, iji mepụta conjugates PLA-ICG, nke mbụ ga-eme ka synthesize amino-treminated spacer na PLA, nke na-enyere ICG chemisorb aka na spacer.A na-ejikọta spacer site na iji ethylene diamine (EDA), usoro carbodiimide na mmiri-soluble carbodiimide, 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDAC).A na-ahazi oghere PLA-EDA dị ka ndị a.Tinye ngafe molar okpukpu 20 nke EDA yana ngafe molar EDAC okpukpu iri abụọ na 2 ml nke ngwọta 0.1 g/mL PLA chloroform.A na-eme njikọ ahụ na 15 mL polypropylene test tube na shaker na ọsọ 300 min-1 maka awa 2.E gosipụtara atụmatụ njikọ ahụ na eserese 1. Tinyegharịa njikọ ahụ na ihe karịrị 200 nke reagents iji kwalite atụmatụ njikọ ahụ.
Na njedebe nke njikọ ahụ, a na-agbanye ihe ngwọta ahụ na ọsọ nke 3000 min-1 maka nkeji 5 iji wepụ ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta polyethylene.Mgbe ahụ, 2 ml nke ihe ngwọta 0.5 mg/mL ICG na dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) agbakwunyere na ngwọta 2 mL.A na-edozi agitator na ọsọ ọsọ nke 300 min-1 maka awa 2.E gosipụtara eserese schematic nke conjugate enwetara na eserese 2.
Na 200 mg MNP, anyị gbakwunyere 4 mL PLA-EDA-ICG conjugate.Jiri LS-220 shaker (LOIP, Russia) kpalie nkwusioru maka nkeji 30 na ugboro 300 min-1.Mgbe ahụ, a na-asa ya na isopropanol ugboro atọ ma tinye ya na nkewa magnet.Jiri UZD-2 Ultrasonic Disperser (FSUE NII TVCH, Russia) tinye IPA na nkwusioru maka 5-10 nkeji n'okpuru ultrasonic edinam na-aga n'ihu.Mgbe ịsachara IPA nke atọ, a na-eji mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na-asacha ihe na-asọ asọ ma weghachite ya na saline physiological na ntinye nke 2 mg / mL.
Eji ZetaSizer Ultra akụrụngwa (Malvern Instruments, UK) mee ihe iji mụọ oke nkesa nke MNP nwetara na ngwọta mmiri.A na-eji microscope elektrọn nnyefe (TEM) nwere JEM-1400 STEM field emission cathode (JEOL, Japan) iji mụọ udi na nha MNP.
N'ime ọmụmụ ihe a, anyị na-eji magnetik na-adịgide adịgide cylindrical (N35 ọkwa; na mkpuchi mkpuchi nickel) na nha ọkọlọtọ ndị a (ogologo axis ogologo × cylinder dayameta): 0.5 × 2 mm, 2 × 2 mm, 3 × 2 mm and 5 × 2 mm.
A na-eme ihe ọmụmụ in vitro nke njem MNP na usoro ihe atụ na hydrodynamic scaffold nke Institute of Experimental Medicine nke Almazov State Medical Research Center nke Ministry of Health Russia mepụtara.Olu nke mmiri mmiri na-ekesa (mmiri distilled ma ọ bụ ngwọta Krebs-Henseleit) bụ 225 ml.A na-eji magnetik cylindrical axially magnetized dị ka ihe ndọta na-adịgide adịgide.Debe ndọta na njide 1.5 mm site na mgbidi dị n'ime nke tube etiti etiti, na njedebe ya na-eche ihu na ntụziaka nke tube (nke kwụ ọtọ).Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmiri na-asọba na akaghị emechi bụ 60 L / h (dabere na ọsọ ọsọ nke 0.225 m / s).A na-eji ngwọta Krebs-Henseleit mee ihe dị ka mmiri na-ekesa n'ihi na ọ bụ analog nke plasma.Ọnụ ọgụgụ viscosity dị ike nke plasma bụ 1.1-1.3 mPa∙s.9 A na-ekpebi ọnụọgụ MNP na mpaghara ndọta site na spectrophotometry sitere na ntinye nke ígwè dị na mmiri na-ekesa mgbe nnwale ahụ gasịrị.
Tụkwasị na nke a, e meela ọmụmụ ihe nyocha na tebụl maka igwe mmiri na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma iji chọpụta njedebe nke arịa ọbara.A na-egosi ihe ndị bụ isi nke nkwado hydrodynamic na Figure 3. Ihe ndị bụ isi nke stent hydrodynamic bụ oghere mechiri emechi nke na-eme ka akụkụ obe nke usoro vaskụla ihe nlereanya na tank nchekwa.A na-enye mmegharị nke mmiri mmiri ihe atụ n'akụkụ akụkụ nke modul arịa ọbara site na mgbapụta peristaltic.N'oge nnwale ahụ, na-echekwa vaporization na oke okpomọkụ achọrọ, ma nyochaa usoro sistemụ (okpomọkụ, nrụgide, ọnụego mmiri mmiri, na uru pH).
Ihe osise 3 Block eserese nke ntọlite ​​​​iji na-amụ permeability nke mgbidi akwara carotid.1-nchekwa tank, 2-peristaltic mgbapụta, 3-mechanism maka iwebata nkwusioru nwere MNP n'ime akaghị, 4-erugharị mita, 5-nrụgide ihe mmetụta na akaghị, 6-okpomọkụ Exchanger, 7-ụlọ nwere akpa, 8-isi iyi. nke oghere ndọta, 9- balloon nwere hydrocarbons.
Ụlọ nke nwere akpa ahụ nwere ihe atọ: nnukwu akpa dị n'èzí na obere akpa abụọ, nke ogwe aka nke etiti etiti na-agafe.A na-etinye cannula n'ime obere akpa ahụ, a na-etinye eriri ahụ na obere akpa ahụ, a na-ejikwa waya dị mkpa kechie ọnụ ọnụ nke cannula ahụ.Oghere dị n'etiti nnukwu akpa na obere akpa na-ejupụta na mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ, na okpomọkụ na-anọgide na-adịgide adịgide n'ihi njikọ nke onye na-ekpo ọkụ ọkụ.Oghere dị n'ime obere akpa ahụ jupụtara na ngwọta Krebs-Henseleit iji nọgide na-enwe ike nke mkpụrụ ndụ arịa ọbara.A na-ejukwa tankị ahụ na ngwọta Krebs-Henseleit.A na-eji usoro ihe na-enye gas (carbon) na-eme ka ihe ngwọta dị n'ime obere akpa dị na tankị nchekwa na ụlọ nke nwere akpa (Fig 4).
Ọgụgụ 4 Ụlọ ebe a na-etinye akpa.1-Cannula maka ibelata arịa ọbara, 2-ụlọ dị n'èzí, 3-obere ụlọ.Àkụ áká na-egosi ntụziaka nke mmiri mmiri nlereanya.
Iji chọpụta index permeability nke mgbidi arịa ahụ, a na-eji akwara carotid oke mee ihe.
Ntinye nke nkwusioru MNP (0.5mL) n'ime usoro ahụ nwere njirimara ndị a: ngụkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ dị n'ime tank na njikọ ọkpọkọ na akaghị bụ 20ml, na olu dị n'ime ụlọ nke ọ bụla bụ 120ml.Ebe ndọta dị n'èzí bụ magnet na-adịgide adịgide nwere nha ọkọlọtọ nke 2 × 3 mm.A na-etinye ya n'elu otu n'ime obere ụlọ, 1 cm site na akpa ahụ, na otu njedebe na-eche ihu mgbidi akpa ahụ.A na-edobe okpomọkụ na 37 Celsius.A na-edobe ike nke mgbapụta rola na 50%, nke kwekọrọ na ọsọ nke 17 cm / s.Dị ka njikwa, a na-ewere nlele n'ime cell na-enweghị ihe ndọta na-adịgide adịgide.
Otu awa mgbe nchịkwa nke ntinye uche nke MNP nyere, a na-ewepụta ihe nlele mmiri n'ime ụlọ ahụ.A tụrụ nleba anya urughuru site na spectrophotometer iji Unico 2802S UV-Vis spectrophotometer (United Products & Instruments, USA).N'iburu n'uche ụdị nnabata nke nkwusioru MNP, a na-eme nha na 450 nm.
Dịka ntuziaka Rus-LASA-FELASA siri dị, a na-azụlite ma na-azụ anụmanụ niile n'ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị nje.Ọmụmụ ihe a na-agbaso ụkpụrụ omume niile dị mkpa maka nyocha na nyocha anụmanụ, wee nweta nkwado ụkpụrụ sitere na Almazov National Medical Research Center (IACUC).Ụmụ anụmanụ na-aṅụ mmiri ad libitum ma na-eri nri mgbe niile.
Emere ọmụmụ ihe ahụ na ụmụ oke NSG na-adịghị ahụkebe 10 nke izu iri na abụọ (NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/Szj, Jackson Laboratory, USA) 10, na-atụ 22 g ± 10%.Ebe ọ bụ na a na-egbochi mgbochi nke ụmụ oke immunodeficiency, ụmụ oke immunodeficiency nke ahịrị a na-enye ohere ịkwanye sel na anụ ahụ mmadụ na-enweghị mbugharị.A na-ekenye ndị na-ebi akwụkwọ si n'oghere dị iche iche na-enweghị usoro na otu nnwale ahụ, a na-ejikọta ha ma ọ bụ kpughee ha n'usoro n'ihe ndina nke otu ndị ọzọ iji hụ na ikpughe nha anya na microbiota nkịtị.
A na-eji ahịrị mkpụrụ ndụ kansa HeLa iji guzobe ụdị xenograft.Azụlitere mkpụrụ ndụ ndị ahụ na DMEM nwere glutamine (PanEco, Russia), gbakwunyere na 10% nwa ebu n'afọ serum (Hyclone, USA), 100 CFU/mL penicillin, na 100 μg/mL streptomycin.Ụlọ nyocha nke Gene Expression Regulation Laboratory nke Institute of Cell Research nke Russian Academy of Sciences nyere ahịrị cell ahụ.Tupu ịgba ọgwụ, a na-ewepụ mkpụrụ ndụ HeLa na plastik omenala nwere 1: 1 trypsin: Versene solution (Biolot, Russia).Mgbe ịsachara, sel ndị ahụ kwụsịrị na ọkara zuru oke na ntinye nke 5 × 106 mkpụrụ ndụ kwa 200 μL, ma tinye ya na matrix okpuru ulo (LDEV-FREE, MATRIGEL® CORNING®) (1: 1, na ice).A gbabara nkwusioru cell akwadoro n'okpuru akpụkpọ anụ n'apata òké.Jiri calipers eletrọnịkị iji nyochaa uto etuto ahụ kwa ụbọchị 3 ọ bụla.
Mgbe akpụ ahụ ruru 500 mm3, a na-etinye magnet na-adịgide adịgide n'ime anụ ahụ anụ ahụ nke anụ ahụ na-anwale n'akụkụ ụbụrụ ahụ.N'ime otu nnwale (MNPs-ICG + tumour-M), 0.1 mL nke nkwusioru MNP ka agbanyere ma kpughee ya na oghere magnetik.A na-eji anụmanụ niile na-adịghị agwọ ọrịa mee ihe dị ka njikwa (nzụlite).Na mgbakwunye, a na-eji anụmanụ agbaba 0.1 ml nke MNP mana etinyeghị ya na magnet (MNPs-ICG + tumor-BM).
Emere nleba anya nke fluorescence nke in vivo na in vitro sample na IVIS Lumina LT series III bioimager (PerkinElmer Inc., USA).Maka nhụta in vitro, agbakwunyere olu 1 ml nke PLA-EDA-ICG sịntetik na MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG conjugate na olulu mmiri efere.N'iburu n'uche njirimara fluorescence nke agba agba ICG, a na-ahọrọ ihe nzacha kachasị mma nke a na-eji achọpụta ọkụ ọkụ nke ihe nlele ahụ: oke ikuku mkpali bụ 745 nm, na ikuku ikuku bụ 815 nm.A na-eji sọftụwia Living Image 4.5.5 (PerkinElmer Inc.) tụọ n'ụzọ dị iche iche ike ọkụ nke olulu mmiri ndị nwere njikọ.
A tụrụ ike nke fluorescence na mkpokọta MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG conjugate na vivo tumor model ụmụ oke, na-enweghị ọnụnọ na ntinye nke oghere magnetik na saịtị mmasị.Eji isoflurane were ọgwụ na-egbu ụmụ oke ahụ, wee gbanye 0.1 ml nke conjugate MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG site na akwara ọdụ.Eji ụmụ oke na-adịghị agwọ ọrịa dịka njikwa na-adịghị mma iji nweta ndabere fluorescent.Mgbe inyechara conjugate ahụ n'ime eriri afọ, tinye anụmanụ ahụ na ikpo ọkụ (37°C) n'ime ụlọ nke IVIS Lumina LT series III fluorescence imager (PerkinElmer Inc.) ka ị na-ejigide iku ume na 2% isoflurane anaesthetization.Jiri nzacha arụnyere n'ime ICG (745-815 nm) maka nchọpụta mgbaama nkeji 1 na nkeji iri na ise ka ewebata MNP.
Iji chọpụta mkpokọta conjugate na etuto ahụ, a na-ekpuchi akụkụ peritoneal nke anụmanụ ahụ na mpempe akwụkwọ, nke mere ka o kwe omume ikpochapụ ọkụ ọkụ na-egbuke egbuke jikọtara ya na nchịkọta nke ụmụ irighiri ihe na imeju.Mgbe ha gụchara biodistribution nke MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG, ụmụ anụmanụ na-euthany n'ụzọ mmadụ site na ngafe nke isoflurane anesthesia maka nkewa na-esote nke akpụ mpaghara na quantitative ntule nke fluorescence radieshon.Jiri ngwanrọ ndụ ndụ 4.5.5 (PerkinElmer Inc.) iji aka hazie nyocha mgbaama sitere na mpaghara mmasị ahọpụtara.Ewere nha atọ maka anụmanụ ọ bụla (n = 9).
N'ime ọmụmụ ihe a, anyị akọwapụtaghị ọnụọgụ ICG na-aga nke ọma na MNPs-ICG.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, anyị atụleghị njigide njide nke nanoparticles n'okpuru mmetụta nke magnet na-adịgide adịgide nke ụdị dị iche iche.Na mgbakwunye, anyị enyochaghị mmetụta ogologo oge nke oghere ndọta na njide nke nanoparticles na anụ ahụ tumor.
Nanoparticles na-achị, na nkezi nha nke 195.4 nm.Na mgbakwunye, nkwusioru ahụ nwere agglomerates nwere nkezi nha nke 1176.0 nm (Figure 5A).Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a na-enyocha akụkụ ahụ site na nzacha centrifugal.The zeta nwere ike nke ụmụ irighiri ihe bụ -15.69 mV (Figure 5B).
Ọgụgụ 5 Njirimara anụ ahụ nke nkwusioru: (A) nkesa nha nha;(B) nkesa irighiri na ikike zeta;(C) Foto TEM nke nanoparticles.
Nha urughuru bụ 200 nm (ọgụgụ 5C), nke nwere otu MNP nwere nha 20 nm, yana shei organic conjugated PLA-EDA-ICG nwere njupụta eletrọn dị ala.Enwere ike ịkọwa nhazi nke agglomerates na ngwọta mmiri site na modul dị ala nke ike electromotive nke nanoparticles onye ọ bụla.
Maka ndọta na-adịgide adịgide, mgbe magnetization na-etinye uche na olu V, a na-ekewa okwu ahụ n'ime ihe abụọ, ya bụ olu na elu:
N'ihe banyere ihe nlele nwere magnetization mgbe niile, njupụta dị ugbu a bụ efu.Mgbe ahụ, nkwupụta nke vector induction magnet ga-ewere ụdị a:
Jiri mmemme MATLAB (MathWorks, Inc., USA) maka ngụkọ ọnụọgụgụ, nọmba ikike agụmakwụkwọ ETU “LETI” 40502181.
Dị ka egosiri na eserese 7 Foto 8 Onyonyo 9 Foto-10, ebe ndọta kachasi ike bụ nke magnet gbadoro ụkwụ na axially site na njedebe nke cylinder.Oghere dị irè nke ime ihe dabara na geometry nke magnet.Na magnetik cylindrical nwere cylinder nke ogologo ya karịrị dayameta ya, a na-ahụ ebe magnetik kachasị ike na ntụziaka axial-radial (maka akụkụ kwekọrọ);ya mere, otu ụzọ cylinders nwere akụkụ buru ibu (dayameta na ogologo) mgbasa ozi MNP kacha dị irè.
Fig. 7 Akụkụ nke ike induction magnetik Bz n'akụkụ axis Oz nke magnet;ọkọlọtọ size nke magnetik: nwa akara 0.5 × 2mm, blue ahịrị 2 × 2mm, green ahịrị 3 × 2mm, red akara 5 × 2mm.
Ọgụgụ 8 Akụkụ ndọta ndọta Br dị n'akụkụ axis magnet Oz;ọkọlọtọ size nke magnetik: nwa akara 0.5 × 2mm, blue ahịrị 2 × 2mm, green ahịrị 3 × 2mm, red akara 5 × 2mm.
Onyonyo 9 Ihe ndọta induction ike Bz dị n'ebe dị anya r site na axis njedebe nke magnet (z=0);ọkọlọtọ size nke magnetik: nwa akara 0.5 × 2mm, blue ahịrị 2 × 2mm, green ahịrị 3 × 2mm, red akara 5 × 2mm.
Ọgụgụ 10 Ihe ntinye ihe ndọta magnetik tinyere ntụziaka radial;ọkọlọtọ magnet size: nwa ahịrị 0.5 × 2mm, blue ahịrị 2 × 2mm, green ahịrị 3 × 2mm, red akara 5 × 2mm.
Enwere ike iji ụdị hydrodynamic pụrụ iche iji mụọ usoro nnyefe MNP na anụ ahụ tumor, tinye uche na nanoparticles na mpaghara ebumnuche, ma chọpụta omume nke nanoparticles n'okpuru ọnọdụ hydrodynamic na sistem ọbara.Enwere ike iji ndọta na-adịgide adịgide dị ka ebe ndọta dị n'èzí.Ọ bụrụ na anyị eleghara mkparịta ụka magnetostatic dị n'etiti nanoparticles ma ghara ịtụle ụdị mmiri mmiri magnetik, ọ zuru ezu iji nyochaa mmekọrịta dị n'etiti magnet na otu nanoparticle na nsonye dipole-dipole.
Ebe m bụ oge ndọta nke magnet, r bụ vector radius nke ebe ebe nanoparticle dị, na k bụ usoro ihe.N'ihe dị ka dipole, ubi magnet nwere nhazi yiri nke ahụ (Fig 11).
N'otu oghere magnetik, nanoparticles na-atụgharị naanị n'ahịrị ike.N'ebe magnetik na-abụghị nke otu, ike na-arụ ọrụ na ya:
Ebe e si nweta ntụzịaka enyere l.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ike ahụ na-adọta nanoparticles n'ime ebe kachasị mma nke ubi, ya bụ, curvature na njupụta nke ahịrị ike na-abawanye.
Ya mere, ọ bụ ihe na-achọsi ike iji magnet siri ike zuru oke (ma ọ bụ yinye magnet) na anisotropy axial doro anya na mpaghara ebe akụkụ ahụ dị.
Tebụl 1 na-egosi ikike nke otu ndọta dị ka ebe ndọta zuru oke iji jide ma jigide MNP n'ime akwa vaskụla nke mpaghara ngwa.