Graphite bụ ụdị carbon kristal.Sistemu kristal hexagonal, na ink ígwè ruo agba ntụ ntụ gbara ọchịchịrị.Njupụta 2.25 g/cm3, ike 1.5, ebe agbaze 3652 ℃, ebe esi 4827 ℃.Dị nro na udidi, na-enwe mmetụta dị nro na nke na-eduzi.Ngwongwo kemịkalụ adịghị arụ ọrụ, na-eguzogide corrosion, na ọ naghị adị ngwa ngwa na-emeghachi omume na acid, alkalis, wdg. Ịkwado okpomọkụ dị na ikuku ma ọ bụ oxygen nwere ike ọkụ na ịmepụta carbon dioxide.Ndị na-ekpo ọkụ siri ike ga-eme ka ọ bụrụ acids organic.Ejiri ya dị ka ihe na-egbochi esemokwu na ihe mmanu mmanu, na-eme crucibles, electrodes, batrị akọrọ, na ụzọ pensụl.Enwere ike iji graphite dị ọcha dị elu dị ka onye nhazi neutron na reactors nuklia.A na-akpọkarị ya dị ka unyi ma ọ bụ ndu ojii n'ihi na e cheburu ya dị ka ndu.

Isi ojiji nke graphite:

1. A na-eji ya dị ka ihe na-emegharị emegharị: Graphite na ngwaahịa ya nwere njirimara nke nguzogide na ike dị elu, a na-ejikwa ya na ụlọ ọrụ metallurgical na-emepụta graphite crucibles.N'ime nchara, a na-ejikarị graphite eme ihe dị ka ihe nchebe maka ingot ígwè yana mkpuchi maka ọkụ ọkụ.

2. Dị ka ihe na-eduzi ihe: eji na ụlọ ọrụ eletrik na-emepụta electrodes, brushes, carbon ros, carbon tubes, nti electrodes maka mercury nti nke ugbu a transformers, graphite gaskets, ekwentị akụkụ, mkpuchi maka telivishọn tubes, wdg.

3. Dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmanu mmanu na-eyi: A na-ejikarị graphite eme ihe dị ka mmanụ mmanu na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.Enweghị ike iji mmanụ lubricating mgbe mgbe n'okpuru oke ọsọ, oke okpomọkụ na ọnọdụ nrụgide dị elu, ebe ihe ndị na-eguzogide graphite nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ na-enweghị mmanụ mmanụ na nnukwu ọsọ ọsọ na okpomọkụ nke 200-2000 ℃.Ọtụtụ ngwaọrụ ndị na-ebu mgbasa ozi na-emebi emebi bụ ihe graphite na-eme n'ọtụtụ ebe iji mee iko piston, mgbanaka akara, na bearings, nke na-adịghị achọ mgbakwunye mmanụ mmanye n'oge ọrụ.Emulsion graphite bụkwa ezigbo mmanye maka ọtụtụ nhazi ígwè (ịse waya, eserese tube).

4. Graphite nwere ezigbo nkwụsi ike nke kemịkal.graphite edoziri nke ọma nwere njirimara nke nguzogide corrosion, ezigbo conductivity thermal, na permeability dị ala, a na-ejikwa ya na mmepụta nke ndị na-ekpo ọkụ ọkụ, tankị mmeghachi omume, condensers, ụlọ elu combustion, ụlọ elu absorption, coolers, heaters, nzacha, na mgbapụta akụrụngwa.A na-ejikarị ya na ngalaba mmepụta ihe dị ka petrochemical, hydrometallurgy, mmepụta acid-base, fibers synthetic, paperworking, wdg, ọ nwere ike ịchekwa nnukwu ihe ígwè.

Ụdị graphite na-apụghị imeri emeri dịgasị iche na nguzogide corrosion n'ihi resin dị iche iche dị na ya.phenolic resin impregnators na-eguzogide acid ma ọ bụghị alkali na-eguzogide;Furfuryl mmanya resin impregnators bụ ma acid na alkali na-eguzogide ọgwụ.Nguzogide okpomọkụ nke ụdị dị iche iche dịkwa iche iche: carbon na graphite nwere ike iguzogide 2000-3000 ℃ na ikuku na-ebelata, wee malite oxidize na 350 ℃ na 400 ℃ n'otu n'otu na ikuku oxidizing;Ụdị graphite dị iche iche na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe na-adị iche na onye na-emepụta ihe, ọ na-adịkarịkwa ọkụ na-eguzogide n'okpuru 180 ℃ site na itinye mmanya phenolic ma ọ bụ furfuryl.

5. A na-eji ihe nkedo, sanding, ịkpụzi, na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ: N'ihi obere mgbasawanye ọkụ nke graphite na ikike ya iguzogide mgbanwe na ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa na kpo oku, enwere ike iji ya dị ka ihe eji eme ihe maka glassware.Mgbe ejiri graphite mee ihe, ọla ojii nwere ike nweta nha nkedo ziri ezi, ịdị nro dị elu na mkpụrụ, enwere ike iji ya na-enweghị nhazi ma ọ bụ obere nhazi, si otú a na-echekwa nnukwu ígwè.Mmepụta nke alloys siri ike na usoro ntụ ntụ ndị ọzọ na-agụnye iji ihe graphite mee ụgbọ mmiri seramiiki maka ịpị na ịgbanye.The crystal growth crucible, region refining container, support fixture, induction heater, etc. nke silicon monocrystalline ka a na-esi na graphite dị ọcha na-edozi ya.Na mgbakwunye, a pụkwara iji graphite mee ihe dị ka bọọdụ mkpuchi graphite na ntọala maka ịgbaze agụụ, na-eguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu.

6. A na-eji ya na ụlọ ọrụ ike atọm na ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa mba: Graphite nwere ezigbo neutron moderators maka ojiji na reactors atomic, na uranium-graphite reactors bụ ụdị atomiki reactor nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe.The deceleration ihe eji na atomic reactors maka ike kwesịrị inwe nnukwu agbaze ebe, nkwụsi ike, na corrosion iguzogide, na graphite nwere ike zuru ezu izute n'elu chọrọ.Ihe achọrọ maka ịdị ọcha maka graphite eji dị ka ihe nrụpụta atọm dị oke elu, ọdịnaya adịghị ọcha ekwesịghị ịfe ọtụtụ PPM.Karịsịa, ọdịnaya boron kwesịrị ịbụ ihe na-erughị 0.5PPM.N'ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa mba, a na-ejikwa graphite rụpụta nozzles maka rọketi mmanụ siri ike, cones maka ogbunigwe, ihe maka akụrụngwa igodo oghere, ihe mkpuchi, na ihe nchebe radieshon.

7. Graphite nwekwara ike igbochi ikpo ọkụ ọkụ.Nnwale otu dị mkpa egosila na ịtinye ụfọdụ ntụ ntụ graphite (ihe dị ka gram 4-5 kwa tọn mmiri) na mmiri nwere ike igbochi ikpo ọkụ n'elu.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, mkpuchi graphite n'elu anwụrụ ọkụ ígwè, elu ụlọ, àkwà mmiri, na pipeline nwere ike igbochi corrosion na nchara.

8. Enwere ike iji eserese eserese dị ka ụzọ pensụl, pigmenti, na onye na-ekpocha ihe.Mgbe nhazi pụrụ iche gasịrị, enwere ike ịme graphite ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị iche iche pụrụ iche maka iji na ngalaba mmepụta ihe dị mkpa.

9. Electrode: Graphite nwere ezigbo conductivity na obere nguzogide.Enwere ike ịmepụta electrodes graphite maka ọkụ ọkụ na ọkụ ọkụ eletrik na ụlọ ọrụ ígwè na silicon.