Graphite bụ allotrope nke elemental carbon, ebe atom carbon ọ bụla gbara ya gburugburu atọ carbon carbon atọ ndị ọzọ (haziri na mmanụ aṅụ dị ka ụkpụrụ nwere ọtụtụ hexagon) nke na-ejikọta ọnụ iji mepụta mkpụrụ ndụ covalent.

Graphite nwere ihe ndị a pụrụ iche n'ihi nhazi ya pụrụ iche:

1) High okpomọkụ eguzogide: The agbaze ebe nke graphite bụ 3850 ± 50 ℃, na esi ebe bụ 4250 ℃.Ọbụlagodi mgbe ọkụ ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ, mbelata ịdị arọ dị ntakịrị, yana ọnụọgụ nke mgbasawanye okpomọkụ dịkwa ntakịrị.Ike nke graphite na-abawanye na okpomọkụ, na 2000 ℃, ike nke graphite na-abawanye okpukpu abụọ.

2) Ịrụ ọrụ na okpomọkụ: Nrụgharị nke graphite dị otu narị ugboro karịa nke mineral na-abụghị ọla.Nrụgide okpomọkụ karịrị nke ihe igwe dị ka ígwè, ígwè, na lead.Okpomọkụ na-abawanye na okpomọkụ na-ebelata, na ọbụna na oke okpomọkụ, graphite na-aghọ ihe mkpuchi.Graphite nwere ike na-eduzi ọkụ eletrik n'ihi na carbon carbon ọ bụla na graphite na-emepụta njikọ atọ covalent na carbon carbon ndị ọzọ, na carbon carbon ọ bụla ka na-ejigide otu electron n'efu iji nyefee ụgwọ.

3) Lubricity: arụmọrụ lubrication nke graphite dabere na nha nke flakes graphite.Ka flakes ndị ahụ na-ebuwanye ibu, ọnụ ọgụgụ esemokwu na-adị ntakịrị, yana ịrụ ọrụ mmanye mmanye ka mma.

4) Nkwụsi ike nke kemịkalụ: Graphite nwere ezigbo nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ na ụlọ okpomọkụ, ma nwee ike iguzogide acid, alkali, na organic mgbaze corrosion.

5) Plasticity: Graphite nwere ike siri ike ma nwee ike ịkụnye ya n'ime mpempe akwụkwọ dị gịrịgịrị.

6) Mgbochi ujo na-ekpo ọkụ: Graphite nwere ike iguzogide mgbanwe okpomọkụ na-enweghị mmebi mgbe ejiri ya na ụlọ okpomọkụ.Mgbe okpomọkụ na-agbanwe na mberede, olu nke graphite adịghị agbanwe nke ukwuu ma ọ gaghị agbawa.

Ojiji:
1. A na-eji ya dị ka ihe na-emegharị emegharị: Graphite na ngwaahịa ya nwere njirimara nke oke okpomọkụ na ike dị elu.A na-ejikarị ha eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ igwe na-emepụta ihe ndị dị na graphite.N'ime nchara, a na-ejikarị graphite eme ihe dị ka ihe nchebe maka ingot ígwè yana mkpuchi maka ọkụ ọkụ.

2. Dị ka ihe na-eduzi ihe: a na-eji ya na ụlọ ọrụ eletrik na-emepụta electrodes, brushes, carbon ros, carbon tubes, electrodes dị mma maka mercury rectifiers, graphite gaskets, akụkụ ekwentị, mkpuchi maka tubes telivishọn, wdg.

3. Dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmanu mmanu na-eyi: A na-ejikarị graphite eme ihe dị ka mmanụ mmanu na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.Enweghị ike iji mmanụ lubricating mee ihe n'okpuru oke ọsọ, oke okpomọkụ, na ọnọdụ nrụgide dị elu, ebe ihe ndị na-eguzogide graphite nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ na-enweghị mmanu mmanu na oke ọsọ ọsọ na okpomọkụ nke 200-2000 ℃.Ọtụtụ ngwaọrụ ndị na-ebu mgbasa ozi na-emebi emebi na-eji ihe graphite eme iko piston, mgbanaka akara, na bearings, nke na-adịghị achọ mgbakwunye mmanụ na-ete mmanụ n'oge arụ ọrụ.Emulsion graphite bụkwa ezigbo mmanye maka ọtụtụ nhazi ígwè (ịse waya, eserese tube).
4. Graphite nwere ezigbo nkwụsi ike nke kemịkal.A na-ejikarị graphite edoziri nke ọma, nke nwere njirimara dị ka nguzogide corrosion, ezigbo okpomọkụ, na ikike dị ala, na-emepụta ihe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ ọkụ, tankị mmeghachi omume, condensers, ụlọ ọkụ ọkụ, ụlọ elu absorption, coolers, heaters, nzacha, na mgbapụta akụrụngwa.N'ịbụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na mpaghara mmepụta ihe dị ka petrochemicals, hydrometallurgy, mmepụta acid-base, fibers synthetic, na mpempe akwụkwọ, ọ nwere ike ịchekwa nnukwu ihe ígwè.

Ụdị graphite na-apụghị imeri emeri dịgasị iche na nguzogide corrosion n'ihi resin dị iche iche dị na ya.phenolic resin impregnators na-eguzogide acid ma ọ bụghị alkali na-eguzogide;Furfuryl mmanya resin impregnators bụ ma acid na alkali na-eguzogide ọgwụ.Nguzogide okpomọkụ nke ụdị dị iche iche dịkwa iche iche: carbon na graphite nwere ike iguzogide 2000-3000 ℃ na ikuku na-ebelata, wee malite oxidize na 350 ℃ na 400 ℃ na ikuku oxidizing, n'otu n'otu;Ụdị graphite dị iche iche na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe na-adị iche na onye na-emepụta ihe, ọ na-adịkarịkwa ọkụ na-eguzogide n'okpuru 180 ℃ site na itinye mmanya phenolic ma ọ bụ furfuryl.

5. A na-eji nkedo, ntụgharị ájá, ịkpụzi, na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ: N'ihi ntakịrị ọnụọgụ nke mgbasawanye ọkụ nke graphite na ikike ya iguzogide mgbanwe na ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa na kpo oku, enwere ike iji ya dị ka ihe eji eme ihe maka glassware.Mgbe ijiri graphite, ọla ojii nwere ike nweta nkedo nwere oke nha, elu dị larịị, yana nnukwu mkpụrụ.Enwere ike iji ya na-enweghị nhazi ma ọ bụ obere nhazi, si otú a na-azọpụta nnukwu ígwè.Usoro nchara ntụ ntụ dị ka imepụta alloys siri ike na-ejikarị ihe graphite eme ụgbọ mmiri seramiiki maka ịpị na ịgbakọ.The crystal growth crucible, region refining container, support fixture, induction heater, etc. nke silicon monocrystalline ka a na-esi na graphite dị ọcha na-edozi ya.Na mgbakwunye, a pụkwara iji graphite mee ihe dị ka bọọdụ mkpuchi graphite na ntọala maka ịgbaze agụụ, yana ihe ndị dị ka tubes ọkụ na-eguzogide okpomọkụ, mkpanaka, efere, na grids.

6. A na-eji ya na ụlọ ọrụ ike atọm na ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa mba: Graphite nwere ezigbo neutron moderators eji na reactors atomic, na uranium graphite reactors bụ ụdị ihe eji eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe.The deceleration ihe eji na atomic reactors maka ike kwesịrị inwe nnukwu agbaze ebe, nkwụsi ike, na corrosion iguzogide, na graphite nwere ike zuru ezu izute n'elu chọrọ.Ihe dị ọcha chọrọ maka graphite eji na reactors atomic dị oke elu, ọdịnaya adịghị ọcha ekwesịghị ịfe ọtụtụ PPM.Karịsịa, ọdịnaya boron kwesịrị ịbụ ihe na-erughị 0.5PPM.N'ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa mba, a na-ejikwa graphite rụpụta nozzles maka rọketi mmanụ ọkụ siri ike, cones maka ogbunigwe, ihe maka akụrụngwa igodo oghere, ihe mkpuchi, na ihe mgbochi radieshon.

7. Graphite nwekwara ike igbochi ikpo ọkụ ọkụ.Nnwale otu dị mkpa egosila na ịtinye ụfọdụ ntụ ntụ graphite (ihe dị ka gram 4-5 kwa ton mmiri) na mmiri nwere ike igbochi ikpo ọkụ n'elu.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, mkpuchi graphite n'elu anwụrụ ọkụ ígwè, elu ụlọ, àkwà mmiri, na pipeline nwere ike igbochi corrosion na nchara.

Enwere ike iji graphite mee ihe dị ka ụzọ pensụl, pigmenti, na ihe na-egbuke egbuke.Mgbe nhazi pụrụ iche gasịrị, enwere ike iji graphite mepụta ihe dị iche iche pụrụ iche maka ngalaba mmepụta ihe dị mkpa.